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Source note · Independent commentary

When the tool learns from the experts and hands it to the novices

It is one of the few large field studies of a generative assistant in real work, and its most quoted result is also its most misread: the newcomers gained most, and the experts were the ones the tool was trained on.

Research reviewed

Generative AI at Work

Authors
Erik Brynjolfsson, Danielle Li, Lindsey Raymond
Institution
National Bureau of Economic Research
Publication
NBER Working Paper 31161; later published in The Quarterly Journal of Economics
Date
2023-04
Type
Working paper

A field study of a generative AI assistant rolled out to several thousand customer support agents. The tool raised issues resolved per hour, with the largest gains among newer and lower-skilled agents and small effects for the most experienced.

Read the original source

What the source supports

  • In this setting, a generative AI assistant increased average productivity, measured as issues resolved per hour.
  • The gains were concentrated among novice and lower-skilled agents. Experienced, high-skill agents saw minimal improvement.
  • The authors interpret the tool as spreading the practices of more able workers to newer ones.

What the source does not support

  • That experienced workers in other fields will see the same pattern. The study covers one company and one kind of work.
  • That AI assistance makes experience worthless. The tool learned from the experienced agents' own behavior.
  • Any claim about job loss, wages, or long-term careers. The study measures task performance, not employment outcomes.

What Sougata is doing with it

Sougata uses this as evidence that the visible output gap between novice and expert can shrink quickly, while noting that the expert's judgment is what the tool was trained to imitate. That distinction between output and judgment is central to Episode 1 and is Sougata's synthesis, not the paper's claim.

This is an independent Voyagers Beyond source note. Voyagers Beyond is not affiliated with or endorsed by the authors, publishers, universities, organizations, or institutions referenced here unless explicitly stated otherwise. The summary and analysis are written independently; nothing from the work is reproduced.